We found a much higher risk in men than women, even when their glycaemic compensation was comparable. Potential cardiovascular effects of antidiabetic treatment should be clearly defined with possible different effects according to gender. We found the risk of fatal CHD to be 38-fold higher in men compared to women ( p < 0.01). Men had a significantly higher risk of fatal coronary heart disease (CHD) ( p < 0.001), stroke ( p < 0.01) and fatal stroke ( p < 0.01) compared to women. Both men and women had similar glycaemic compensation. Sixty per cent of patients achieved an HbA1c level <8% after 18 months. The levels of HbA1c decreased throughout the whole study. Cardiovascular risk was assessed according to UKPDS risk engine. The monitoring was designed as a retrospective analysis of data obtained from the documentation of the diabetic outpatients treated with the dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitors (DPP4is) or sodium–glucose co-transporter-2 (SGLT2). The aim of the study was to evaluate cardiovascular risk in patients with diabetes mellitus type 2 according to gender. HsCRP is not superior for CVD risk prediction by UKPDS risk engine algorithm over high triglyceride and creatinine levels in diabetic population, which suggests that the old traditional markers must not be underestimated when examining CVD risk in population with diabetes. In multivariate regression analysis, triglycerides and creatinine concentration (OR=1.040, p<0.001) were independent predictors of CVD risk, whereas hsCRP was not correlated with CVD risk. Also, about one third of diabetic patients (29.4%) were classified into the high-risk category. More males than females were classified at high UKPDS risk category (p<0.001). Biochemical and anthropometric parameters, and blood pressure were obtained. A total of 180 participants with DM2 (of them 50% females) were included in the current cross-sectional study. Furthermore, we aimed to explore whether non-traditional biomarker such as high sensitivity C-reactive protein (hsCRP) is superior for CVD risk prediction over old traditional risk factors. Since there is a high prevalence of type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM2), as well as CVD in Montenegro, we aimed to estimate CVD risk by United Kingdom Prospective Diabetes Study (UKPDS) risk engine algorithm in individuals with DM2.
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